THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BHIKKHU AND BHIKKHUNI OFFENCES IN THERAVADA : ACASE STUDY OF SANGHADISESA

Abstract

The results revealed that, in Theravada Buddhist disciplinary, the formal meeting of the Order – Saïghàdisesa is considered as the Major Offences or Garukapatti. However, the Saïghàdisesa is a kind of monastic offences which can be corrected through some kinds of punishment or Satekicchà. The rehabilitation can be a complex process involving several steps. In the case when the Saïghàdisesaàpatti has been concealed the state in the process of rehabilitation is Parivàsa, a period probation during which the offending Bhikkhu is stripped of his usual privileges in the Saïgha and is made to compensate for his offence in ways which segregate him from the regular Bhikkhu. If a Bhikkhu commits the same offence during his Parivàsa, the Saïgha meet again and send him back to the beginning (Målàyapañikassana). When the Parivàsa has been completed, the Sangha meet again to assign Mànatta. After the Mànatta is completed, the Abbhàna will performed by the Saïgha. There are 13 Saïghàdisesa, the rehabilitation must be performed by the two Saïgha Orders.

There are 17 Saïghàdisesa for Bhikkhunã, if a Bhikkhunã commits Saïghàdisesa, the BhikkhuSaïgha and BhikkhunãSaïgha will meet and assign her to perform the Mànatta or penance for 15 nights.

When comparing the Saïghàdisesa, the Bhikkhu has been committed the Saïghàdisesa, he will be assigned to perform the Parivàsa for 3 nights and Mànatta for 6 nights and the Abbhàna will performed by the Saïgha. In case of the Bhikkhunã, the Manatta will be made for 15 nights without asking for the Parivàsa as the Bhikkhu. However, the offending Bhikkhunã is to be recognized by the 2 Saïgha Orders. In case of the offending Bhikkhu, it can be performed alone by Saïgha Order. The objective of penalty is to reduce the conceit and for the sake of the purification of morality. According to the Buddha’s purposes of monastic legislation, even though there are many different codes of trainings, but its aims are to achieve the excellence of the unanimous Order.